The main objective in the treatment of rectal is to achieve cancer cure, prevention of relapse and recurrence and ensuring the maximize survival rates of disease. For this reason, adjuvant treatments should be added to surgical treatments. The contributions of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in addition of the course of the disease have shown in many studies. Different treatment schemes were discussed especially for radiotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy is shown to be superior. In this contex the advantages and disadvantages, the superiority of each others of short and long patients with locally advanced rectal cancer is preoperative long-term chemo-radiation. Short term radiotherapy is considered as an alternative approach in cT3 resectable cancers which associated with perirectal fat areas.
Keywords: Rectal cancer, Neoadjuvant treatment, Radiotherapy